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CONFLICT STYLE · DUTCH CONFLICT HANDLING

Conflict styles: the five ways people handle disagreement at work

Problem solving, compromising, forcing, yielding and avoiding: the five conflict strategies of Dual Concern Theory, why no style is best, and how the DUTCH measures them.

· 2 min read

Some people go straight for a win-win. Some split the difference to get out of the room. Some dig in, some give in, and some just change the subject. Those are the five conflict strategies — and most of us lean on one or two far more than we realise.

Here is the theory behind them, how our conflict style test measures them, and why the most useful part of your result is often the style you almost never use.

QUICK DEFINITION

A conflict style assessment measures which strategies a person tends to use when they disagree with someone. The Dutch Test for Conflict Handling (DUTCH) measures five strategies derived from Dual Concern Theory, which describes conflict behaviour as the product of concern for one's own outcomes and concern for the other party's: problem solving, compromising, forcing, yielding, and avoiding. Its authors describe it as a measure of behavioural intentions rather than observed behaviour.

Two concerns, five strategies

Dual Concern Theory describes conflict behaviour as the product of two things: how much you care about your own outcome and how much you care about the other person's.

  • ✦Problem solving: high concern for both — look for a solution that works for everyone.
  • ✦Compromising: moderate concern for both — meet in the middle.
  • ✦Forcing: high concern for yourself — hold your position.
  • ✦Yielding: high concern for the other — give them what they want.
  • ✦Avoiding: low concern for both — step away from the issue.

Which style is best?

None of them. Each is the right answer to some situations: forcing when a line genuinely has to hold, yielding when you care less than they do, avoiding when emotions need to cool, compromising when time is short, problem solving when interests are not actually opposed.

The style you rarely reach for usually points to the class of situations you are handling with the wrong tool.

Not the Thomas-Kilmann (TKI)

The TKI is a commercial instrument whose items are not published. Our test uses the Dutch Test for Conflict Handling (DUTCH), which measures the same five strategies from the same theory, and whose twenty items are printed in a peer-reviewed paper you can read. The two are not interchangeable.

The five scores are also independent: scoring high on problem solving does not require scoring low on forcing, and they do not add up to a fixed total.

Intentions, not observed behaviour

The DUTCH's authors describe it as a measure of behavioural intentions. Sometimes intentions turn into behaviour, sometimes not — and the gap is widest for avoiding, which is defined by things not happening. With four items per scale, gaps under about 10 points are inside the instrument's noise.

Used well, it gives a team a way to say "I went straight to compromise and shouldn't have" without it becoming an argument about character. Want to compare a whole team? Try the team view.

TRY IT YOURSELF

Take the free Conflict Style test

20 questions, about 4 min. No sign-up — your answers stay on your device.

Start the test →

This guide is for self-reflection and general education. It is not medical, psychological, or career advice, and no questionnaire here is a diagnosis.

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SOURCES

Where the facts in this guide come from

  1. [1]
    De Dreu, C. K. W., Evers, A., Beersma, B., Kluwer, E. S., & Nauta, A. (2001). A theory-based measure of conflict management strategies in the workplace. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(6), 645–668. ↗

    The source of the 20 items, the five-scale keying, the response anchors, and the stem, all reproduced verbatim from Appendix A. Cronbach's alpha in the expanded five-scale study ran from .65 (yielding) to .73 (avoiding); those figures are shown on the result page rather than hidden, because they set the limit on how finely the five scores can be read.

  2. [2]
    Pruitt, D. G., & Rubin, J. Z. (1986). Social conflict: Escalation, stalemate, and settlement. Random House. ↗

    Dual Concern Theory, the framework the DUTCH is built on and the source of the two-axis placement of each strategy shown on the result page. The placements are the theory's; this instrument scores the five strategies and does not separately measure the two concerns.

  3. [3]
    Van de Vliert, E., & Kabanoff, B. (1990). Toward theory-based measures of conflict management. Academy of Management Journal, 33(1), 199–209. ↗

    Why a theory-based measure was built at all. This paper's critique of the existing conflict-style questionnaires — that their scales were derived empirically rather than from the theory they claimed to measure — is the argument the DUTCH was written to answer.